Jun 17, 2023 · Avoid harsh chemicals: Harsh cleaning chemicals can strip the paint from your stairs and damage the wood underneath. Stick to mild soap and water for cleaning and avoid using any abrasive or acidic cleaners. Keep an eye out for wear and tear: If you notice that your stairs are becoming worn or damaged, it may be …Place your drop cloth around the bottom of the staircase. With your fine-grit sandpaper (220-grit) and sanding sponge, sand the spindles, handrails, and any other wood surfaces to smooth them before painting. Vacuum up any sanding dust and wipe down your sanded surfaces with a damp cloth. Apply painter’s tape along your staircase and wall border.Using Soapy Water. Download Article. 1. Vacuum up any excess dust around the area. Use the tube attachment with your vacuum cleaner to suck up any obvious dirt, dust, and grime along the edge of your painted wood. If you don’t have a vacuum or vacuum extension, try using a broom to sweep away the obvious dust.As we age, it’s not uncommon to experience difficulties with mobility. Simple tasks that were once effortless, like climbing stairs, can become challenging and even dangerous. This...15 Jul 2015 ... – before completing your project with paint or stain. To see if the wood has dried for an adequate amount of time, sprinkle water on the surface ...Jun 17, 2023 · With these steps complete, your wooden steps will be ready for a fresh coat of paint! Prime the Surface. Before painting your wooden steps, it’s important to prime the surface to ensure a smooth and long-lasting finish. Priming helps to seal the wood, preventing moisture from seeping in and causing damage. 1. Get colour drenching. (Image credit: Future PLC) Colour drenching is having a serious moment right now, and one place this decorating trick works especially well is in the hallway. Paint the stairs, walls, radiator and even ceiling and/or floor in one shade to create a serious statement.Nov 30, 2016 · Let it dry completely before painting. It might also be a good idea to have some wood putty for filling in nail or staple holes. Use A Nap Roller. Painting a staircase: Carefully vacuum the stairs first. Then, starting from the top, apply the paint to the risers and treads using a 3/8″ nap roller to provide even, smooth coverage. Jul 6, 2016 · MMM 107 - Painting stairs is always rewarding. Raise the aesthetic appeal of your front stairs in just a few hours: 1) scrape, 2) clean, 3) PAINT!_____Want... When painting wooden stairs, durability is a top priority. You want paint that can withstand constant exposure to foot traffic and harsh weather conditions, so look for high-quality, long-lasting paint options. Acrylic and alkyd-based paints tend to be more durable and longer-lasting than other options.Here are our choices for the best wood floor paints: 1. Rust-Oleum 7200 PU Floor Paint. Rust-Oleum 7200 PU Floor Paint is our choice for the best paint for wooden floors. The hard-wearing solvent-based paint is …Are you or your loved ones struggling with mobility issues and finding it difficult to navigate the stairs in your home? If so, it may be time to consider investing in a stair lift...1. Install Anti Slip Stair Treads/Grips. See on Amazon. One of the quickest and easiest installations for outdoor wooden stairs that you can perform yourself is applying anti slip stair treads or grips. Most of these are set up like a roll of tape, and you simply stick them onto your clean and dry wooden steps.4 Sept 2019 ... The best product to use for your DIY painted stair project is porch and patio paint! · We used the gloss sheen. · Still not convinced… · Over t...How to paint a wooden handrail. Before painting a wooden handrail, it is important to first prepare it to be painted. We recommend painting your wooden handrail with semi-gloss paint – a semi-gloss finish tends to be harder wearing than other paints. Paint your handrail with a clean 2-inch trim paint brush.Using Soapy Water. Download Article. 1. Vacuum up any excess dust around the area. Use the tube attachment with your vacuum cleaner to suck up any obvious dirt, dust, and grime along the edge of your painted wood. If you don’t have a vacuum or vacuum extension, try using a broom to sweep away the obvious dust.Thoroughly sand the timber until it’s smooth and even. Do this using 80 grit sandpaper, then 100 grit and 120 grit after that. Dust and clean the wood before continuing. Now you’re ready to paint your staircase. Use a layer of primer to properly prepare the stairs for painting or varnishing.Jul 17, 2019 · These DIY Painted Stairs Projects Are Amazing…and Affordable! Stair Makeovers can be a very difficult and expensive proposition. Perhaps that’s why over the years, our DIY painted stairs tutorial has always been one of our most popular.. Painting stairs is a much simpler, and more inexpensive way to rehabilitate a …Step 3: Fillers. Fill any gaps or cracks with the proper filler (wood filler for wood steps and concrete repair filler for concrete steps). Let dry. Sand down (for wood) to the level of the stair surface. For concrete, use an epoxy filler (exterior grade) or concrete repair filler. If you use the epoxy, make sure to overfill a bit because it ...Put on your favorite music and go for it. It’ll be awhile. TIP: be sure to put an old towel or drop cloth over the stairs as you paint the spindles to avoid splatter. Once the spindles are done, pat yourself on the back. Or better yet, treat yourself to a mani/pedi. Then tape the top of each spindle and paint the rails and posts.Aug 27, 2021 · 3. Pair white painted stairs with a neutral runner. (Image credit: Paul Craig) If you love the idea of a white painted staircase but it's just not a practical choice for your home, be inspired by this space. Paint your dream white staircase and then add a subtle, neutral runner up the middle.Steps. Remove any carpet or covering from your wooden stairs. While paint is perfect for making over an old staircase, you need to make sure the surface is in good nick before you start. Repair any loose or broken parts, fill any dents and sand any rough areas to prepare the floor for painting. Once complete, hoover up and clean the wood down ...6 Nov 2015 ... Simply tape the wood grain stencil on to the surface. Mix darker brown paint with a little translucent wall glaze (again, to make it workable ...by Chris Deziel / in Home. Stairs are subject to a lot of abuse, and when they are painted, it is usually with a heavy-duty paint or varnish that can be difficult to remove. There are several techniques for stripping paint off wood staircases, but it's important to work carefully. Some of the more extreme processes can easily damage the wood.Here are our choices for the best wood floor paints: 1. Rust-Oleum 7200 PU Floor Paint. Rust-Oleum 7200 PU Floor Paint is our choice for the best paint for wooden floors. The hard-wearing solvent-based paint is …If you or a loved one is having difficulty navigating the stairs in your home, investing in a chairlift can provide the independence and safety needed to move freely between floors...Jan 12, 2024 · Mid-Century Modern Stair Railing. Adam Hunter. This staircase railing gives off a mid-century aesthetic with its textured glass and geometric metal details. For some intrigue, it's paired with a patterned black and white stair runner and features a sleek black handrail that curves at the base. 22 of 30.Posts: 6363. Joined: Wed Dec 10, 2008 6:44 pm. by stoneyboy » Sun Mar 22, 2009 4:45 pm. Jennifer King, If you really must do this buy some kiln-dried sand for block paving, paint the steps using oil based paint, leave for a while - the paint must still be tacky and throw the sand on the steps. Next day brush off the excess.4 Easy Steps to painting your outdoor stairs. Thoroughly wash or power wash your steps. Allow time to dry, then sand the steps. Prime steps if not using an all-in-one stain or paint. Paint the desired number of coats. Two is usually sufficient.Read Jenn Largesse’s recommended steps for painting bare wood. Steps for Painting Bare Wood Step 1: Sand the Surface. It may seem unnecessary to sand bare wood before painting, but stock lumber is often coated in a glaze to help protect it. Removing that coating will help the paint adhere. In addition, sanding opens the grain of the wood ...a maximum pitch of 42°. a minimum 2,000mm of clear headroom above the pitch line. a minimum going (tread width) of 220mm. a maximum rise (a vertical aspect of each stair) of 220mm. As well as these requirements, no opening, either in the stair construction or between balusters, can be greater than 100mm. Consequently, it may be … Sand the steps. Lightly sand new or bare wood steps to prepare them. Wear a dust mask with safety glasses to avoid breathing in dust or other particles. Starting with medium grit sandpaper and working your way down to fine grit, sand the steps toward the wood grain. Using a tack cloth, wipe away the sanding dust. 1. Use Anti-Slip Floor Finish. Using an anti-slip finish can make your stairs safer without changing the natural appearance of the wood. Using carpeting or treads can accomplish a similar goal but cover up the wood or its stain. An anti-slip finish will instead protect you from any falls while keeping the wood on full display.Strength: Up to 30 layers of paint can come off as easily as stripping sheets off a bed. Dwell time: 12 to 24 hours. Removal: Peel off the paper and scrub the surface with a wet brush; let dry thoroughly, then apply a neutralizing solution. Cost: about $45 per 1¼ gallons.15 May 2023 ... I don't believe you Painted over all that wood! It is possible to make wood stairs and other areas bright and fresh again. You just have to ...Dec 6, 2019 · Paint the handrails and treads black, and the spindles and uprights white. Or, paint the entire staircase one color, except for the treads. This can be particularly lovely when the banister, spindles and uprights are a light color, and the treads are painted dark. A professional paint expert will help you decide which color scheme works best ... Steps. Download Article. 1. Remove any carpet or overlaid material from your basement stairs. Remove staples left from the carpet installation with pliers. Look over all areas of the stairs to find holes and deep scratches. [1] 2. Use putty or wood filler and a putty knife to fill in holes.Try a glass railing. Give your staircase a makeover with glass panels. Arterberry and Danny Spears of Captex Construction are all about mixing materials like black metal, bleached wood, and glass ...Allow half an hour to dry the primer, and then sand using fine-grit sandpaper to smooth away any bumps or drips. If you still see any gaps, cracks, or uneven spots in the wood, use white caulk to give it a smooth finish look before applying the …Nov 30, 2016 · Let it dry completely before painting. It might also be a good idea to have some wood putty for filling in nail or staple holes. Use A Nap Roller. Painting a staircase: Carefully vacuum the stairs first. Then, starting from the top, apply the paint to the risers and treads using a 3/8″ nap roller to provide even, smooth coverage. 6 Nov 2015 ... Simply tape the wood grain stencil on to the surface. Mix darker brown paint with a little translucent wall glaze (again, to make it workable ... Our services include interior and exterior painting, carpentry, kitchen cabinet painting and refinishing, molding installation, and more. You can call us at 703-768-8143 or click here to schedule. Williams Professional Painting serves Northern Virginia, as well as the greater Washington D.C. metro area. All your worn out steps need is a fresh ... Dec 6, 2019 · How Painting Wooden Stairs Can Quickly Update a Home. Stairs are an important functional element in your home. In some homes, stairs were also built to be stunningly beautiful (think about those giant entryway staircases). In other homes, however, stairs were built on trend with the decade of the home. That …28 Jan 2013 ... Adding grit is the most common solution for increasing traction; but even bothering to add grit is rare. If you do opt to add grit, look into " ...Feb 28, 2020 · STEP 1: Prime and tape. I decided to go with a low-luster enamel paint. I chose the Porch and Patio Floor paint from Behr ( available from The Home Depot) and had it color-matched to go with my ... Prepare and sand down the area. 'Once dry, make any necessary repairs, remove flaking varnish, fill chips or dents with wood filler then sand smooth,' says Marianne. 'Sanding creates fine scratches in the varnish, which gives the paint a rough texture to stick to. This doesn't mean it'll dry rough, though,' starts Sarah from Valspar.Always paint your wood stair railings with brushstrokes going with the direction of the grain, as cross-grain painting will ruin the look of your finish. Step 4 – Painting. After you’ve let your primer cure thoroughly, you can begin painting your wooden stair rails. Apply the first coat of paint evenly and thinly, so that the wood grain can ...paintingToronto. Updated: Apr 26, 2023 2:00 PM EDT. This step-by-step guide will help you paint or refinish yours wooden stairs for a beautiful look. …6 Nov 2015 ... Simply tape the wood grain stencil on to the surface. Mix darker brown paint with a little translucent wall glaze (again, to make it workable ...Put on your favorite music and go for it. It’ll be awhile. TIP: be sure to put an old towel or drop cloth over the stairs as you paint the spindles to avoid splatter. Once the spindles are done, pat yourself on the back. Or better yet, treat yourself to a mani/pedi. Then tape the top of each spindle and paint the rails and posts.Painting Tips. How to Paint a Staircase to Spruce Up Your Entryway. A paint refresh can turn a ho-hum staircase into a grand entrance. …Nov 2, 2020 · How to Chalk Paint stairs step-by-step. The staircase includes 11 steps and two small landings, totalling about 95 square feet. The stairs were previously painted with a glossy white paint, chipping, and quite dirty thanks to two young kids and a dog. Because our household includes small children and a dog, white or light stairs aren’t ideal. For the initial sanding, we used coarse 80 grit sandpaper. This removed any last bits of paint and dirt but left the wood quite rough, so we sanded the whole area again with 120 grit sandpaper in order to achieve a smooth and paintable finish. So, after hours and hours of stripping and sanding (except for the first step), this is what the ...Mar 3, 2024 · New wood paint for stairs adheres better with etching. 2. Prepare the paint. Open the paint can and evenly stir it with a stick. Add a mildew preventative and mix if you reside in an area with mildew and mold issues. You should also consider a French drain around your house or a sump pump system for your …Jan 27, 2024 · Varnish, paint, or seal your stairs if necessary. Consider treating the wood against the elements, especially if the stairs will be outdoors. Even if you're building indoor-use stairs, finishing them will be a safeguard against everyday wear and tear, and beautify the end product. Almost any varnish, stain, or paint will …What You Will Need: Fine to medium grit sandpaper 320-400. Painters Tape, I like Frog Tape. 3 x 4" high-density foam paint rollers and trays, I recommend buying a few of these for the value and it has everything you need. 1 quart of primer, I used this one here. 1 gallon of semi-gloss or satin trim paint in a white of your choosing, I used this ...4 DIY options for refinishing builder grade stairs. Options #1 & #2: Nixed already. Option #3: Totally DIY route. Option #4: Plug-and-play DIY route. The non-DIY route: Hiring a pro. What we chose for refinishing our builder grade stairs. Taking out the garbage, two cats, and a busy life have made them very difficult to keep clean.The first step is to clean your staircase. After that, you can use a hand sander to gently sand the top layer of your wood that you are painting. FYI- I did not sand mine down before painting, and it still worked great; however, I would recommend sanding. Next, I used KILZ interior primer to prime my stairs. Then, I chose to use Behr Paint in ...Place the tape over surfaces adjacent to the spindles. For example, if you’re painting a wood staircase, you could apply tape under the top banister and on the steps for additional protection. Use the tape to seal off any areas left uncovered by the drop cloth. One way to do this is by taping along the inner edges of the spindles.3. Make a statement with a dark and dramatic paint. If you want to guarantee dark and moody drama in your hallway, opt for a dark staircase paint, coupled with a patterned hallway flooring idea. In this hall, Farrow & Ball's Hague Blue - has been slathered over the walls and stairs for a seductive and inviting scheme.MMM 107 - Painting stairs is always rewarding. Raise the aesthetic appeal of your front stairs in just a few hours: 1) scrape, 2) clean, 3) PAINT!_____Want...7. This stunning oak staircase features white risers, spindles and stringers. The risers highlight the natural wood of the stairs and railings, opening up the already large room. 8. This is another example of white risers drawing focus to the natural beauty of the wood stain on the stairs. 9.22 Apr 2021 ... ... paint had leaked under the tape and gotten all over the oak stair treads. It was only then that the properties of wood came rushing back ...Stairs are often one of the more tiresome things to paint. Each stringer, riser, and tread may need to be painted. In this video, Bob gets to work …Step 3: Fillers. Fill any gaps or cracks with the proper filler (wood filler for wood steps and concrete repair filler for concrete steps). Let dry. Sand down (for wood) to the level of the stair surface. For concrete, use an epoxy filler (exterior grade) or concrete repair filler. If you use the epoxy, make sure to overfill a bit because it ...Jan 22, 2024 · The battle against all the reddish-brown stained wood in our home continues! I’m happy to say I’m on the winning side. When I first painted and later remodeled our living room built-ins, I got rid of a big chunk of the dark wood finish.Let’s not forget the kitchen cabinets, now painted a lovely, serene light …Jul 17, 2019 · 16. Roll Out The Red Carpet | Oxfordone. Be the star in your own home as you stroll down (and up) your very own red carpet painted stairs treatment every day. View this post on Instagram. A post shared by Lissi (@oxfordone) 17. DIY Stained Wood Staircase | Thrifty Decor Chick. Some recommended paints for wooden stairs include: Benjamin Moore Floor & Patio Paint. PPG Floor & Porch Paint. BEHR Premium Porch and Patio Floor …Previous attempts at ‘modernisation’ that need reversing. Loose handrails and/or spindles. The more issues on your to-do list, the higher your staircase renovation costs are likely to be. The cost of a new handrail or bannister is between £45 and £120, while new spindles will set you back £90 on average. You’ll also need to pay for a ...1. Brush or spray on a smooth coat of primer. Use a paint roller to hit wide-spaced, even areas of wood surface that aren't contoured, and a paintbrush along corners, edges, and harder-to-reach areas. Allow the primer to dry before moving on. [5] You can use a spray primer for a faster, more even job.Paint Stairs with Quality Outdoor Wood Paint. – Begin painting your exterior home stairs with your color choice of high grade outdoor paint recommended for wooden staircases. Apply two to three coats of paint smoothly, completely and evenly covering all staircase surfaces. Be sure to wait for each coat to dry thoroughly before …16. Roll Out The Red Carpet | Oxfordone. Be the star in your own home as you stroll down (and up) your very own red carpet painted stairs treatment every day. View this post on Instagram. A post shared by Lissi (@oxfordone) 17. DIY Stained Wood Staircase | Thrifty Decor Chick.Mar 7, 2014 · Tip 1: Clean, Clean, Clean. Stairs are dirty, dirty places. Before painting, I Swiffered them and dusted the moulding as part of my prep process, but that wasn’t enough. I quickly realized that I needed to actually wash every part of the staircase in order to ensure that dust and dirt wasn’t making its way into my paint.Tung Oil. Another popular finish for wood stairs is Tung oil- a penetrating finish. Even though Tung oil would not offer quite the same protection as polyurethane, it seeps right through the wood, allowing the beauty of your wooden stairs to shine through. Tung oil is also waterproof, durable to an extent, mold-proof, and doesn’t go rancid.Oct 24, 2023 · Best Bang for the Buck – Rust-Oleum 7776730 Protective Enamel Paint. Best Anti-Slip Paint for Stairs – INSL-X SU031009A-01 Acrylic Anti-Slip Paint. Most Versatile Paint for Stairs – KILZ Interior/Exterior Enamel Porch Floor Paint. Best Paint for Interior Wood Stairs – Minwax PolyShades Wood Finish. Best for Concrete Floor – LL Skid ... STEP 1: Prime and tape. I decided to go with a low-luster enamel paint. I chose the Porch and Patio Floor paint from Behr ( available from The …Jan 12, 2015 · 1-1/2″ blue painters tape. Paintbrush or roller. Paint. TSP cleaner. Clean the stairs thoroughly. Run a strip of thick blue painters tape down the center. Paint only one side of the stairs. Starting at the top and painting downwards worked well for me. Remove tape, asap, and let paint dry, making sure to only walk up …Feeling dark and moody? Learn how to apply a stain to your wood stairs. Check out the video series on Refinishing Wood Stairs. www.youtube.com/c/diybauen Tha...Sep 25, 2023 · Simple & Classic. Kammys Korner. These gray stairs from Kammys Korner are subtle, classic and beautiful. If your stairs are looking a little worse for wear, a fresh coat of paint and a little elbow grease can make them true centerpieces once again. Continue to 16 of 27 below. 16 of 27. Sand the Surface: Use a medium-grit sandpaper to sand any rough spots or remaining paint residue. This step helps create a smooth and even surface for the paint to adhere to. Fill in Cracks: If there are any cracks or holes in the stairs, use an exterior-grade wood filler or concrete filler to repair them.Prepare and sand down the area. 'Once dry, make any necessary repairs, remove flaking varnish, fill chips or dents with wood filler then sand smooth,' says Marianne. 'Sanding creates fine scratches in the varnish, which gives the paint a rough texture to stick to. This doesn't mean it'll dry rough, though,' starts Sarah from Valspar.3 days ago · 4 Easy Steps to painting your outdoor stairs. Thoroughly wash or power wash your steps. Allow time to dry, then sand the steps. Prime steps if not using an all-in-one stain or paint. Paint the desired number of coats. Two is usually sufficient.Turn your staircase into an accent piece with our guide on how to paint banisters and staircase spindles. Turn painting banisters and staircase spindles into...28 Jan 2013 ... Adding grit is the most common solution for increasing traction; but even bothering to add grit is rare. If you do opt to add grit, look into " ...
Black Painted Staircase Ideas. Staircases, often taken for granted as a link between two floors, are major architectural features that have the power to make an ordinary home spectacular. A staircase remodel can help define and showcase your personal style. By adding a staircase design with unique materials or updating an existing structure .... Metro by t mobile home internet
Still white, and still no chips. All we’ve done so far is give it an occasional wipe with a damp cloth. All in all, we couldn’t be happier with the result and with how the staircase still looks a year later. We definitely have no regrets about choosing the stained and painted finish. If you followed our staircase restoration process, you ...Aug 12, 2019 · When painting stairs without sanding, you must prime them. Primer will help you cover the wood and make sure you get even color. Prime everything. That means, railings, …MMM 107 - Painting stairs is always rewarding. Raise the aesthetic appeal of your front stairs in just a few hours: 1) scrape, 2) clean, 3) PAINT!_____Want...Easiest Way to Stain Wood Stairs. Use a chemical stripper and sand the stairs with medium-grit sandpaper. Apply wood conditioner and sand the stairs again with fine-grit sandpaper. Wipe on the first coat of stain with a paintbrush or rag. Wait 5-15 minutes before wiping off any excess stain.Sep 14, 2021 · Black-and-White Painted Stairs. If your stairs feature dated carpet, consider ripping it out for a fresh paint job, as @lagirl310 did here. Keep in mind, removing carpet from stairs isn’t quick or easy. It involves carefully removing tack strips, carpet padding, staples and nails, as well as thoroughly sanding the wood after. Oct 10, 2022 · The cost of staining/refinishing wood steps averages $6 per sq.ft. for materials and labor. The average cost to paint a stairway is about $400 (minimal prep 63.5 sq. ft. of stairway with handrails and balusters, primed and painted). Find here detailed information about stairway painting costs.For the initial sanding, we used coarse 80 grit sandpaper. This removed any last bits of paint and dirt but left the wood quite rough, so we sanded the whole area again with 120 grit sandpaper in order to achieve a smooth and paintable finish. So, after hours and hours of stripping and sanding (except for the first step), this is what the ...Painted white stairs and banisters look clean and crisp, especially teamed with stripped floors in pale wood. Cleaning stair carpet requires pulling a vacuum cleaner up behind you and balancing it on the treads, which can be a rather physical task. Painted wooden stairs can simply be swept with a dustpan and brush, making this a look that’s ...8 Mar 2021 ... Treat The Wood. If your stairs are new or haven't been painted before, you need to use an oil based primer as a first coat. This will give you ...Nov 24, 2021 · 5. Match the Bannisters With Your Painted Stairs. (Image credit: Benjamin Moore) Go beyond the stairs themselves by painting the bannisters in a matching shade to your steps to unite the area and create a block of colour. In this design created for Benjamin Moore paint, the dark wood of the bannister has been kept, while a matching dark blue ... From paint to stain, wood to carpeting, there are countless ways to make changes to your staircase to give it a new look, a glamorous mood, or a quirky style all its own. Tread and riser resurfacing. ... You can choose to paint just the railings for a burst of color or use paint on stair treads and risers to tie together the look of a room or ...FIXALL Skid Grip Anti-Slip Paint: The FIXALL Skid Grip Anti-Slip Paint is the second-best pick for basement stairs. This product delivers lovely dark colors and is ideal if you want your surface to have a grip-finish texture. The paint’s 100% acrylic recipe is so high-textured that it sticks to asphalt, cement, wood, and other surfaces.Paint stairs with perfect results by looking at how our painter works step by step. A list of all tools used in the video is available here: anza.co.uk/tips-...To prepare wood for paint, scrape off flaking paint, treat knots with the necessary specialized primers, sand the entire surface, and wipe the surface clean. Brush on a coat of latex-based primer, allow the primer to dry completely for 2-6 hours, and if there are gaps and cracks, seal them with caulk. Part 1.Feb 5, 2019 · Believe it or not, the striped midsection of these stairs is not a runner but paint. To steal the grain sack-inspired look, start at the top landing and paint a wide band about three quarters of the width of the treads down the staircase. Let dry, then tape off three center stripes and paint with another shade of your choice. …Mar 21, 2022 · Starting at the top of the stairs, use a 2-inch trim brush to apply primer on the handrail. Repeat with the staircase trim. Let the primer dry per the manufacturer's specifications. Start again at the top of the stairs and apply your chosen paint color to the handrail and trim. Work the brush carefully to cover all the surfaces evenly, and ... .