Programing spectrum remote to tv - Program Spectrum Remote Automatically. Turn on the component you want to program (TV, VCR, DVD or AUX). Press the COMPONENT button (TV, VCR, DVD or AUX) to be programmed and OK/SEL button simultaneously for 3 seconds. The component LED will light for 30 seconds, indicating the unit is ready to be programmed.

 
Step 1: Set up Spectrum Remote. Before you can start using your Spectrum remote with your Samsung Smart TV, you need to set it up properly. Follow …. Lewiston village cinemas

20 Dec 2020 ... Easiest way to program remote to cable box. My goal is 1000 subscribers, please subscribe.. Once I get 1000 subscribers, I will be having a ...To program your Spectrum remote to your TV, press and hold the Menu and OK buttons, then press the TV Power button. This will begin the programming process. In order to proceed further, you may refer to the user manual of your remote for detailed instructions on how to program it to control your TV and other devices. Alternatively, you can also ...After you have found the code that matches your TV and press the button on the remote, which says TV just once. Next, you need to find and hold the SETAP button and wait until it blinks twice. Enter the selected code in the special line and the button of the selected mode will flash twice again. Then try to turn off the TV using this remote, if ...Tulsa has a new program to incentivize people to move there, paying remote workers $10,000 to relocate for a year and providing cheap housing. Oklahoma has never seemed so exciting... Turn on your Samsung TV and Spectrum remote. Press and hold the Setup button until the selected mode key blinks twice. Enter 9-9-1 using the number buttons. The selected mode key will blink twice. Aim the remote at your TV and press Power. Continue pressing Power every 2 seconds until the TV turns off. Programming Spectrum Remote for Popular TV Brands. Follow these instructions to set up your Spectrum remote for popular TV brands like Samsung, LG, and Sony. Keep in mind any brand-specific considerations or additional steps required during programming: Samsung. Press and hold the “TV” button on your Spectrum remote until all mode buttons ...The Spectrum remote codes allow you to control other devices using the Spectrum TV Stream remote. With these codes, you can program your Spectrum TV remote to control devices like TVs, DVD Players, VCR players, and Blu-ray players.The Roku tcl tv will not shut off or control the volume with the Spectrum remove. Channel up or down is controlled. The Spectrum remote does appear to turn on the Roku tv but not turn it off. This is my wife's tv and she's been complaining about this for a while. It used to work just fine. To program your Spectrum remote to your TV, power off the cable box and your TV. Open the remote’s back cover, remove the old batteries, and check for any deformities or leaks. Next, press and hold the Menu and OK buttons on the remote simultaneously until the input button blinks twice. Follow the on-screen prompts to complete the programming ... Dec 4, 2023 · Press the Device key on the remote (TV/DVD/AUX,/STB/CBL) Then press and hold down the SETUP key until the selected mode key blinks twice. Enter the 5-digit key you found for the device brand. The Mode key will blink twice. Point the remote to the device and press the Power or Play button, the device should turn OFF. Mar 6, 2024 · Turn on the cable box. Hold the Spectrum remote control at a close enough distance while facing the cable box. Press the “CBL” and “OK/SELL” buttons on the remote simultaneously. Hold them for a few seconds until a LED light turns on. With the light on, your remote is ready to be programmed. At this point, enter the correct codes for ... Nov 4, 2023 · How to Program a Spectrum Remote to an Insignia TV. Programming a Spectrum remote is a quick and easy process. All you need is to enter the correct remote code and follow the programming steps carefully to set up your remote control. Here are the detailed instructions to program the Spectrum remote: Turn on your Insignia TV device that you wish ... Press the TV button on your Spectrum remote to signal you’re programming the TV. Hold down the OK/SEL button for three seconds until the TV button blinks twice. With the Spectrum remote pointed at the TV, press and hold the UP arrow button. The remote will cycle through codes, sending a new one every second. Press and hold the Setup button on your Spectrum remote until the Brands menu appears on the screen. Use the remote to navigate to the Soundbar option in the menu. Press the Power button on the remote and hold it down. The remote will automatically start searching for the correct code to program the soundbar.Spectrum Remote User Guide 20190531 RS Outline. Title. Spectrum_Remote_User_Guide_20190531_RS_Outline. Created Date. 5/30/2019 8:07:05 PM.8 Aug 2020 ... You can easily program an RCA universal remote control without codes with any television set or device. You can opt for the Auto Code Search ... To program a Spectrum remote to a TV, follow these steps: Press and hold the Menu and OK buttons on the remote until the input button blinks twice. Enter the code shown using the digit keys on the remote. Contents: 1. Understanding Spectrum Remote. Features and capabilities of Spectrum Remote. 2.5K. 312K views 2 years ago. Video on how to program your Spectrum cable tv remote control to control your TV. Works for all TV brands or at least most. Sometimes you have to hold...Make sure your TV and Spectrum cable box are turned on. Hold the Spectrum TV remote close to the TV. Simultaneously press the “TV” and “OK” buttons on the remote. Hold them for a few seconds until the LED light on the remote blinks twice. Release the buttons and the remote will automatically pair with your TV.Sign in to your Spectrum account for the easiest way to view and pay your bill, watch TV, manage your account and more. Turn on your TV and the Spectrum remote. 2. Press and hold the “OK” and “MUTE” buttons on the remote until the device LED flashes twice. 3. Enter the 3-digit code for your TV brand using the remote’s keypad. 4. Point the remote at the TV and press the “POWER” button to see if it controls the TV. If so, the programming is complete. How to program your Logitech Harmony remote. To control your Roku TV system with your Logitech Harmony remote, follow the steps listed on the Logitech support site. When prompted, enter the name of the manufacturer (e.g., Hisense, Insignia, Sharp, or TCL) and then enter “Roku TV” in the Model Number field. Last updated on 3/19/2024, 6:34:09 AM. To program your Spectrum remote to your TV, power off the cable box and your TV. Open the remote’s back cover, remove the old batteries, and check for any deformities or leaks. Next, press and hold the Menu and OK buttons on the remote simultaneously until the input button blinks twice. Follow the on-screen prompts to complete the programming ... OK - I know this sounds crazy but…I just bought an Amazon Fire TV. Went through the process of programming the Spectrum remote to control the TV - no problem. About 3 hours later, remote no longer controls the TV. Weird - but ok. Do the programming again and everything works. Next morning, Spectrum remote doesn’t control the tv.1.6K. 1M views 3 years ago. Learn how to program your Spectrum remote to control your TV and audio equipment. For more information on your remote visit:...Feb 6, 2024 · The easiest way to program or connect a Spectrum remote to the desired TV is to use the remote’s auto-search function. This function automatically identifies the remote and the codes necessary to make the connection. If there are issues with the auto-search function, you can enter the code manually. To sync your Spectrum remote to the box, first press and hold the “Setup” button until the LED light turns on. Then, press the corresponding button for the device you want to sync (e. g. , TV). Finally, enter the code provided by Spectrum to complete the syncing process.Press and hold the Setup button on your Spectrum remote until the Brands menu appears on the screen. Use the remote to navigate to the Soundbar option in the menu. Press the Power button on the remote and hold it down. The remote will automatically start searching for the correct code to program the soundbar.Enjoy hassle-free control of your TV with your Spectrum remote! ... To program your Spectrum remote without the code, follow these steps: 1. Hold the remote close to the cable box and face it. 2. Simultaneously press the “CBL” and “OK/SELL” buttons on the remote. 3. Hold them for a few seconds until an LED light appears.program the remote control for your TV and/or audio equipment as needed. To Un-Pair the Remote to the WorldBox. If you wish to use the remote with a different cable box, follow these steps to un-pair it with your ... Page 1 Charter Spectrum Remote Control User Guide URC1160 Image of remote line art Getting Started: Install Batteries 1. Apply ... Press and hold the MENU and OK keys on the remote. Now, search for the TV POWER key in the top left corner. Press and release it once. Press TV POWER key in remote. Then, Aim your Spectrum remote at your TV. Find the UP arrow button on the remote. Press and hold the UP arrow button. Release the UP arrow once the device has been turned off. Turn on your Samsung TV and Spectrum remote. Press and hold the Setup button until the selected mode key blinks twice. Enter 9-9-1 using the number buttons. The selected mode key will blink twice. Aim the remote at your TV and press Power. Continue pressing Power every 2 seconds until the TV turns off. The Spectrum remote control allows you to operate your TV, DVR and CABLE BOX from the comfort of your couch. ... Programming Your Remote for TV and Audio Control. This step covers setup for the most common TV brands. If your brand is not listed, please proceed to SETUP USING DIRECT CODE ENTRY. Ensure that your TV is powered on. …To synchronize your Spectrum remote with your Vizio TV, start by following these steps: Press the ‘Menu’ button on the remote. Navigate to ‘Settings’ using the arrow keys. Select ‘Remote Control’ and then ‘Program Remote’. Follow the on-screen instructions to input the correct code for your Vizio TV model.Onn TV codes for Spectrum remotes. Onn TV codes for Spectrum universal remote controls: 3 digit codes for UR5U-8780L/8790L, UR3-SR3M/SR3S, etc.Are you tired of juggling multiple remotes just to watch your favorite shows? Programming your Dish remote to your TV can save you time and frustration. Whether you have a new TV o...To program the Spectrum remote to communicate with the cable box, you need to access the programming mode on the remote. Follow these simple steps: Make sure your cable box is turned on and in close proximity to the remote. Locate the “CBL” and “OK/SELL” buttons on the remote. Press and hold the “CBL” and “OK/SELL” buttons ...To program your Spectrum remote to your TV, follow these steps: 1. Press and hold the Menu and OK buttons on your remote simultaneously until the input button blinks twice. 2. Enter the corresponding setup code for your TV using the number pad on your remote. 3. Press the TV button once on your Spectrum remote.Programming Spectrum Remote To Smart TV. Step-by-step guide to programming Spectrum Remote to a Smart TV. Connecting the Remote to the TV. Accessing …Turn on the TV you want to control with the remote. Press and hold the correct device button on your remote until the light remains on. While holding the device button, press and hold the Power ...In today’s digital age, having reliable and fast internet service, as well as a diverse range of TV channels, is essential for staying connected and entertained. Spectrum is a lead...Make sure your Spectrum Receiver (cable box) is turned on. Change channels by pressing the buttons on your receiver (if available). Remove any objects (i.e. furniture) around your receiver. Position your receiver on a slightly different angle so it can detect your remote. Refer to your remote manual. Reboot your receiver by unplugging it and ...3. 2.4K views 7 months ago. Are you a new Spectrum customer or looking to upgrade your remote? This video guide provides detailed instructions on how to set up and program the Spectrum...To get your Spectrum remote to work with your cable box, follow these steps: 1. Turn on your TV and hold the Spectrum remote close to the cable box. 2. Press the “CBL” and “OK/SELL” buttons on the remote simultaneously. 3. The light on the remote will turn on, indicating that it’s ready for programming.Program your remote using Auto-Search: Turn on the TV you want to program. Press and hold the Menu + OK buttons simultaneously until the Input button blinks twice. Press TV Power. The Input button should light up solid. Aim the remote at your TV and press and hold the UP arrow. Once the device turns off, release the UP arrow. …About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright ...To program a Spectrum remote to a Roku TV, start by pressing and holding the “Setup” button until the LED light changes from red to green. Then, enter the code for your Roku TV. If successful, the LED will flash green twice. If not, try a different code until you find the right one.Apr 5, 2020 · How to program and connect Spectrum universal cable box remote to any TV without codes. Programming and setup of my remote control to work with Dynex, Hisens... 30 Nov 2012 ... HOW TO PROGRAM CHANNEL BUTTON on CABLE REMOTE to CONTROL TV Channel Changing for Bright House Comcast or Time Warner remotes ur5u video ... Turn on your Samsung TV and Spectrum remote. Press and hold the Setup button until the selected mode key blinks twice. Enter 9-9-1 using the number buttons. The selected mode key will blink twice. Aim the remote at your TV and press Power. Continue pressing Power every 2 seconds until the TV turns off. To program a Spectrum remote to a Hisense TV, follow these steps: Press and hold the “Setup” button until the indicator light blinks twice. Enter the corresponding three-digit code for your Hisense TV using the number buttons. Contents: Optimize Your Entertainment: Spectrum Remote Setup for Hisense TV. Spectrum Remote And Hisense Tv: A ...Apr 5, 2020 · How to program and connect Spectrum universal cable box remote to any TV without codes. Programming and setup of my remote control to work with Dynex, Hisens... To program your Spectrum remote to your TV without the code, follow these steps: 1. Press and hold the “TV” button on your remote. 2. While holding the “TV” button, press and hold the “Power” button until the TV turns off. 3. Release both buttons and press the “Power” button again to turn the TV back on. 4. To program a Spectrum remote to a TV, follow these steps: Press and hold the Menu and OK buttons on the remote until the input button blinks twice. Enter the code shown using the digit keys on the remote. Contents: 1. Understanding Spectrum Remote. Features and capabilities of Spectrum Remote.Press the device-specific button (e.g., “TV” or “DVD”) on the Spectrum remote to confirm the programming. By programming your TV, DVD player, or other devices to the Spectrum remote, you can easily switch between them with a click of a button, simplifying your entertainment setup.Easy and fast way to program your spectrum remoteok/sel is what I'm pushing on the remote if you can't see itIts a code in manual which forces the remote into the search mode. First of all “Turn The Device On”. Now press and hold the “Setup” button. Enter the “9-9-1” (three digit) code. Now hold down the “Power Button” on the remote and then press the Channel up them until the device in this case your tv “Turns Off”.To pair a Spectrum remote to a Samsung TV, press and hold the Menu and OK buttons together until the input button blinks twice. Then, press the TV button on the remote and aim it at the TV, while entering the code provided by Spectrum. Contents: Optimal Connectivity: Spectrum Remote to Samsung TV. Step 1: Check Samsung Tv Compatibility. To connect your Spectrum remote to your cable box, follow these simple instructions: Power on the cable box you want to sync with your remote. Locate the menu on your Spectrum remote – this is often the ‘Menu’ or ‘Guide’ button. Press and hold the ‘Setup’ key until the selected mode key blinks twice. To program your Spectrum remote to your TV, press and hold the Menu and OK buttons, then press the TV Power button. This will begin the programming process. In order to proceed further, you may refer to the user manual of your remote for detailed instructions on how to program it to control your TV and other devices. Alternatively, you can also ...To program the Spectrum remote to communicate with the cable box, you need to access the programming mode on the remote. Follow these simple steps: Make sure your cable box is turned on and in close proximity to the remote. Locate the “CBL” and “OK/SELL” buttons on the remote. Press and hold the “CBL” and “OK/SELL” buttons ...Step-1 Turn on the device you want to program. Step-2 Press and hold the “Setup” button on your Spectrum remote until the LED light blinks twice. Step-3 Enter the code 9-9-1 using the number pad. Step-4 Point the remote at the device and press the “Power” button. The remote will start searching for the correct code.4 days ago · Step 2: Enter Auto-Search Mode. Aim your remote at the TV and hold down the “PROG” button for five seconds. Once the red power button lights up, release the “PROG” button. The red light should stay on. Press the “CH+” button to enter auto-search mode. Turn on the TV you want to program. Press and hold the Menu + OK buttons simultaneously until the Input button blinks twice. Press TV Power. The Input button should light up solid. Aim the remote at your TV and press and hold the UP arrow. Once the device turns off, release the UP arrow. Why is my spectrum remote not working? To … To program your Spectrum remote to your TV, follow these steps: 1. Power on your TV and make sure your remote has working batteries. 2. Press and hold the ‘TV’ button on your remote, then press the ‘OK/SEL’ button. 3. Enter the setup code for your TV brand. To program your Spectrum remote to your TV, power off the cable box and your TV. Open the remote’s back cover, remove the old batteries, and check for any deformities or leaks. Next, press and hold the Menu and OK buttons on the remote simultaneously until the input button blinks twice. Follow the on-screen prompts to complete the programming ... 7 Nov 2011 ... ... remote, brighthouse comcast timewarner tv remote control. How to turn ... Spectrum remote programming to TV with codes. YourSelf•444K views · 2 ...Drinking alcohol while pregnant can result in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. The most severe is fetal alcohol syndrome. Learn the risks and more. Alcohol can harm your baby at a...To program a Spectrum remote to your TV, first, turn on your TV and hold down the “TV” and “Select” buttons simultaneously until the TV button flashes twice. Then enter the code corresponding to your TV brand from the Spectrum remote code list. If successful, the TV button will flash twice again.Here are the directions for programming your Spectrum Guide Remote to work with your TV: Place two AA batteries into your remote. Turn on your TV. Locate the code for your TV manufacturer. …To reset your Spectrum remote to your cable box, follow these steps: 1. Press and hold the “Menu” and “OK” buttons on your Spectrum remote at the same time. 2. Keep holding the buttons until the input button blinks twice. 3. Enter the code for your cable box. 4.To pair a Spectrum remote to a cable box, start by turning on both devices. Then, press and hold the “TV” and “OK” buttons on your remote at the same time until the device button stays lit. Enter the manufacturer’s code for your cable box and press the “Power” button to complete the pairing process.To program the Spectrum remote to communicate with the cable box, you need to access the programming mode on the remote. Follow these simple steps: Make sure your cable box is turned on and in close proximity to the remote. Locate the “CBL” and “OK/SELL” buttons on the remote. Press and hold the “CBL” and “OK/SELL” buttons ...To program your Spectrum remote to a Hisense TV, start by turning on the TV and the remote. Then, press and hold the “TV” button on the remote and the “OK” button together for 3 seconds. Once the red LED light blinks twice, enter the code 11758 using the number keys on the remote. Press the “Power” button and check if the TV turns off.To program a Spectrum remote to a TV, follow these steps: Press and hold the Menu and OK buttons on the remote until the input button blinks twice. Enter the code shown using the digit keys on the remote. Contents: 1. Understanding Spectrum Remote. Features and capabilities of Spectrum Remote.Tech Support - Best Solution for You. 620 subscribers. Subscribed. 53. 29K views 1 year ago. In this video, I will guide you on how to program spectrum remote to …00:00 - How do I program my spectrum remote to my TV?00:42 - Why does my Spectrum remote not work?01:15 - Why won't my spectrum remote change the channel?Lau...With Spectrum’s support, programming your remote control can be a quick and straightforward process, allowing you to easily control your TV, cable box, and other devices with just one remote. Whether you’re a new Spectrum customer or simply need to reprogram your remote, these steps will help you get it done efficiently and hassle-free.To program a Charter universal remote control, get the code for the device, choose the device and program the device. If there is no code available, it is still possible to program...Turn on your LG TV and Spectrum remote. Press and hold the ‘Setup’ button on the remote until the LED light blinks twice. Enter the programming code for LG TVs (typically 113). The LED light will blink twice to confirm the code entry. Test the remote by pressing the ‘Power’ button to turn off your LG TV.How Do I Program My Spectrum Remote Urc1160 To My Cable Box? To program your Spectrum remote (URC1160) to your cable box, follow these steps: 1. Turn on your cable box and keep the remote close to it. 2. Press and hold the “CBL” and “OK/SELL” buttons on the remote simultaneously. 3. Hold them for a few seconds until an LED light appears. 4.To program a Spectrum remote to a TV, first, turn on both the TV and the remote. Then, press and hold the “Mute” and “Select” buttons until the LED blinks twice. Finally, enter the 9-digit manufacturer code for the TV and press the “Power” button to check if the TV turns off. If it does, the remote is programmed successfully.Apr 22, 2020 · Learn how to program your Spectrum remote to control your TV and audio equipment. For more information on your remote visit: https://www.spectrum.net/spectru... Spectrum Remote User Guide 20190531 RS Outline. Title. Spectrum_Remote_User_Guide_20190531_RS_Outline. Created Date. 5/30/2019 8:07:05 PM.To program your Spectrum remote to your TV, follow these steps: 1. Power on your TV and make sure your remote has working batteries. 2. Press and hold the ‘TV’ button on your remote, then press the ‘OK/SEL’ button. 3. Enter the setup code for your TV brand.This video will show you how to use your Spectrum Remote. For more information on your remote visit: https://www.spectrum.net/spectrumremote For more helpful...To program a Spectrum remote to the cable box, simultaneously press the “CBL” and “OK/SELL” buttons on the remote until an LED light appears. Then, enter the necessary codes for your cable box’s brand and model. Make sure that the Cable Box is turned on and keep the Spectrum remote close to the Cable box while programming.Learn how to easily program your Spectrum remote to control your Roku TV in this step-by-step tutorial. Find the right codes, follow simple instructions, and...Its a code in manual which forces the remote into the search mode. First of all “Turn The Device On”. Now press and hold the “Setup” button. Enter the “9-9-1” (three digit) code. Now hold down the “Power Button” on the remote and then press the Channel up them until the device in this case your tv “Turns Off”.To pair a Spectrum remote to a cable box, hold the remote close to the cable box, press the “CBL” and “OK/SELL” buttons simultaneously, and hold them until an LED light appears. Your remote is now ready for programming. Contents: Hide. Understanding Spectrum Remote And Cable Box Compatibility.

1. Turn on the TV manually and grab the Spectrum remote. 2. Hold the MENU and OK buttons together until the INPUT button blinks twice. 3. Tap the TV Power and see whether the INPUT button lights up solid. 4. Point the remote at your TV and hold the UP arrow button. 5.. Ipa file install on iphone

programing spectrum remote to tv

Once your TV and Spectrum remote are powered on, you need to enter the setup mode on the remote. Here’s how to do it: Locate the “Setup” button on your Spectrum remote. It is usually located at the top. Press and hold the “Setup” button until the LED light on the remote turns on. Release the “Setup” button.Once your TV and Spectrum remote are powered on, you need to enter the setup mode on the remote. Here’s how to do it: Locate the “Setup” button on your Spectrum remote. It is usually located at the top. Press and hold the “Setup” button until the LED light on the remote turns on. Release the “Setup” button.Press and hold the Setup button on your Spectrum remote until the Brands menu appears on the screen. Use the remote to navigate to the Soundbar option in the menu. Press the Power button on the remote and hold it down. The remote will automatically start searching for the correct code to program the soundbar.To get your Spectrum remote to work with your cable box, follow these steps: 1. Turn on your TV and hold the Spectrum remote close to the cable box. 2. Press the “CBL” and “OK/SELL” buttons on the remote simultaneously. 3. The light on the remote will turn on, indicating that it’s ready for programming.Programming your Spectrum remote for a smart TV is quite similar to programming it for a regular TV. Turn on your smart TV and your Spectrum remote. Press and hold the “TV” button on your Spectrum remote until all mode buttons light up. Release the “TV” button and press the “SETUP” button. The mode buttons will blink.3. 2.4K views 7 months ago. Are you a new Spectrum customer or looking to upgrade your remote? This video guide provides detailed instructions on how to set up and program the Spectrum... Sign in to your Spectrum account for the easiest way to view and pay your bill, watch TV, manage your account and more. Once your TV and Spectrum remote are powered on, you need to enter the setup mode on the remote. Here’s how to do it: Locate the “Setup” button on your Spectrum remote. It is usually located at the top. Press and hold the “Setup” button until the LED light on the remote turns on. Release the “Setup” button.To program your Spectrum remote to an LG TV, first, turn on your LG TV and Spectrum remote. Then press and hold the “Mute” and “Select” buttons simultaneously for 3 seconds until the LED light flashes twice, then release the buttons. Enter the code 1009 for LG TVs and press the “Power” button to test if the programming was successful.Press the Device key on the remote (TV/DVD/AUX,/STB/CBL) Then press and hold down the SETUP key until the selected mode key blinks twice. Enter the 5-digit key you found for the device brand. The Mode key will blink twice. Point the remote to the device and press the Power or Play button, the device should turn OFF. Press the “Menu” button on your remote control. Navigate to the “Settings” option and select it using the arrow buttons. Scroll down to “Remotes & Devices” using the arrow buttons and press “OK”. Select “Remote Control Setup” and press “OK”. Choose “Change Key Functions” and press “OK”. Got Spectrum service and confused as to how to program the remote? Don't worry I'll simplify the manual for you!The full guide from Spectrum's website is he...I have found The EFC codes for the LG TV for my remote at JP1 Device Lookup Tool. I just can not find the code for the "Home" button. S. StevenUSAF Discussion starter. 6 posts · Joined 2023. #7 · Mar 7, 2023. Found it: Going through every code between 00001 and 00250, I found (URC1060 and LG Smart TV): 00007 = User Guide. …Here’s how to program a Spectrum remote to a soundbar: Until the indicator light blinks twice, press and hold the “ Setup ” button on the remote control. Press and release the “ TV ” and “ OK/SEL ” buttons at the same time. Enter the soundbar code using the number buttons on the remote control. This guide contains a list of codes ....

Popular Topics