Read aloud any text with realistic AI voices, compatible with webpages, kindle Ebooks, Google Docs, PDF, Emails, and more. NaturalReader - Text To Speech, is a chrome …Oct 01, 2018. Hello Sandra, Adobe Reader desktop application is a freeware software to view print, sign, and annotate PDFs and it will not translate English into the French language. So, the Reader our Loud in French with Adobe Reader will not work. If you have Acrobat Pro installed, you can set the document language under File > …Text-to-speech goes by a few names. Some refer to it as TTS, read aloud, or even speech synthesis; for the more engineered name. Today, it simply means using artificial intelligence to read words aloud be; it from a PDF, email, docs, …Jan 23, 2024 · paymentPayments & subscriptions. reviewsMy Play activity. redeemOffers. PDF Aloud Reader allows you to listen to your pdf files aloud. Below is a screenshot: If that doesn't work, try disabling protected Mode by going into Edit menu > preferences > under categories, click security (enhanced) > uncheck the box next to "Enable Protected Mode at startup" … Synchronized Reading. Choose from over 200 voices from over 20 different languages. Upgrade to Plus for the most access and best options. I discovered NaturalReader after hearing that it was possible to have the text from the computer read aloud to you. I have Aspergers' Syndrome, which is an autistic spectrum learning difficulty. The TTS Android reader will start narrating from the highlighted word. You can select chunks of text by dragging your finger across the screen to make a selection, as you would when using a word processor. Apple. Reading physical text aloud using an iPhone requires a working camera, iOS 15 and above, and enabling the built-in TTS …Whether it's a business report, research paper, or your favorite e-book, our AI can read it seamlessly. PDF Voice. Login. Give Your PDF a Voice. Whether it's a business report, research paper, or your favorite e-book, use AI to narrate it. ... Get Started with PDF Voice today and start creating your own AI voice. Monthly billing Yearly billing ...4. eReader Prestigio: Book Reader. An alternative that’s available only on Android devices, eReader Prestigio: Book Reader is one of the best PDF audio readers you can find on your smartphone. The app is compatible with a huge myriad of text file extensions other than PDF itself. It is able to read and narrate files in over 20 different ...Give your business the power of PDF productivity. Let all your employees view, sign, comment on, and share PDFs for free. can be quickly deployed in your organization with a volume license. Download free Adobe Acrobat Reader software for your Windows, Mac OS and Android devices to view, print, and comment on PDF documents.Text-to-Speech: The Voice Plugin leverages advanced text-to-speech technology to synthesize natural-sounding human speech, enabling your written content in Obsidian to be read aloud.. Private Communication: Enjoy a completely private communication experience as the Voice Plugin utilizes your personal AWS account, ensuring you have full control …The free version of Adobe Acrobat Reader includes the option to read aloud individual pages or a whole PDF document. The function is a little hidden and must be activated before use.. To do so, click on “View” > “Read Out Loud” in the menu bar at the top and select the first option “Activate Read Out Loud”.Alternatively, you can use the …Highlights of PDF Voice Reader Aloud. Easy to Access; Free Application; Import files directly from Google Drive, iCloud, and Dropbox; Provides 40 Natural Voices in 30 languages; Pricing – Free. How to Read PDFs out loud offline using PDF Voice Reader Aloud. Go to the App store on your Mac and search for “PDF Voice Reader Aloud“. …Here is a step-by-step tutorial to PDF read aloud through Foxit PDF Reader: Step 1. Download and launch the software on your system. After that, open the file to start processing. Step 2. In the end, click "View" from the top menu. Now, open the "Read" drop-down menu and select Read > Activate Read. You are all done!Jun 7, 2015 · 12. Okular. Install Okular. Okular is a universal document viewer with support for advanced document features, such as annotations, forms, and embedded files. This package provides the document viewer application, plus plugins for a wide variety of document formats such as: various electronic book formats: ComicBook, FictionBook, and Plucker ... Give your business the power of PDF productivity. Let all your employees view, sign, comment on, and share PDFs for free. can be quickly deployed in your organization with a volume license. Download free Adobe Acrobat Reader software for your Windows, Mac OS and Android devices to view, print, and comment on PDF documents.Yes, you can easily summarize PDF files using ChatGPT-4.0's Data Analysis feature by simply uploading them. Please note, though, that inaccessible, image-based, or paywalled PDFs might not be eligible for summarization. If you're using ChatGPT 3.5, it doesn't support direct PDF uploads, but you can still summarize PDFs by copying and pasting ...Follow the steps below to read aloud PDF on your Android devices with the T2S application. 1. Tap "Open File" to open PDF. To begin with this application, you need to tap the “3-bars” button from the top left. It will open the T2S menu, where you can click the " Open File ” button if you are opening a file for the first time.To change the read aloud speed in Adobe, follow these steps: Open the PDF in Adobe Acrobat Pro DC. Go to the “View” menu and select “Read Out Loud” to activate read-out-loud features. Select “Change Reading Speed.”. Use the slider or enter a specific speed to adjust the read-aloud speed to your preference. The speed can be set ...Text to speech (TTS) is a technology that converts text into spoken audio. It can read aloud PDFs, websites, and books using natural AI voices. Text-to-speech (TTS) technology can be helpful for anyone who needs to access written content in an auditory format, and it can provide a more inclusive and accessible way of communication for many ...Aside from the fact that it shows images in gray-scale, Adobe Acrobat Reader in dark mode looks phenomenal. Download Adobe Acrobat Reader (Android) 2. Xodo. Xodo is a completely free PDF reader ...Teachers, editors, you name it. If your job requires you to read, text-to-speech can help. For the hobbyists Many people just want to unplug from a screen and listen to a great book. Text-to-speech is a fantastic way to turn any PDF, eBook, or a physical book, into an audiobook. You don’t have to rely on just audiobooks, have any text read aloud.Feb 9, 2021 · Start reading aloud. CTRL + Space. Play or pause Read aloud. CTRL + Left Arrow. Jump to the beginning of the previous paragraph. CTRL + Right Arrow. Proceed to the beginning of the next paragraph. Alt + Left Arrow. Decrease reading speed. Aside from the fact that it shows images in gray-scale, Adobe Acrobat Reader in dark mode looks phenomenal. Download Adobe Acrobat Reader (Android) 2. Xodo. Xodo is a completely free PDF reader ...Dec 26, 2022 · How do you make the PDF Read Aloud skip reading Headers and Footers contents? ... Here's all ways to configure Edge PDF Reader Read Aloud Feature: https://www ... Search the website then click the bin icon to remove and check if the issue is fixed. If that didn't help, you may report this by pressing Alt+Shift+I and submit the logs and recording of what's happening. It'll help the Edge team to diagnose the problem and create a fix for it. LF. Lisa Fro. The app can read aloud any pdf document that you have. This app converts text to a natural sounding voice. The highest quality text to speech App available for the iPhone, iPod Touch, and now iPad! Use iTunes to share files between your computer and the app. VOICES SUPPORT. Once the eBook is loaded, navigate to the page you want to listen to. Our intuitive interface allows you to quickly and easily navigate to any page in your eBook. Click the play button to start listening. Our advanced text-to-speech technology will read your eBook out loud, allowing you to sit back, relax, and enjoy your eBook hands-free. Nov 12, 2018 · Acrobat's Read Aloud is not a screen reader. Repeat: it is NOT a screen reader. It does not access and render the content (aka, voice it) per current PDF/UA-1 and WCAG 2.0 accessibility standards. It does not have the majority of user controls that real screen readers have. And it consistently mis-reads basic content. Arabic Text to speech, also known as TTS, read aloud, or even speech synthesis. It simply means using artificial intelligence to read words aloud be; it from a PDF, email, docs, or any website. There isn’t a voice artist recording phrases or words, or even the entire article. Once the eBook is loaded, navigate to the page you want to listen to. Our intuitive interface allows you to quickly and easily navigate to any page in your eBook. Click the play button to start listening. Our advanced text-to-speech technology will read your eBook out loud, allowing you to sit back, relax, and enjoy your eBook hands-free. Foxit PDF Reader. Foxit Reader stands as a lightweight and robust alternative to Adobe, emphasizing quick performance and efficiency. It provides an array of tools for viewing, annotations, and filling out forms. Boasting a user-centric interface and robust security measures, it’s a favored option among businesses.Google Chrome reading mode has been updated. Now, the experimental channel of the browser has a support for PDF files in the latest Canary build. As spotted by the browser’s enthusiast @Leopeva64, this means that users can now read PDFs in a distraction-free environment, with the ability to adjust the font size, line spacing, and text …In this article, we shall look at 10 important PDF viewers/readers that can help you when dealing with PDF files in Linux systems. 1. Okular. Okular is a universal document viewer which is also a free software developed by KDE that runs on Linux, Windows, Mac OSX, and many other Unix-like systems. It supports various document …PDF Reader A PDF Reader that Reads Out Loud; Download MP3; AI Voice Over; ... or even speech synthesis. It simply means using artificial intelligence to read words aloud be; it from a PDF, email, docs, or any website. There isn’t a voice artist recording phrases or words, or even the entire article. Speech generation is done on-the-fly, in ...May 26, 2020 · To access Read aloud, open any PDF file in Microsoft Edge from your computer or from the web. In the toolbar along the top, you will see “Read aloud” as an option. Click/tap on this button to start. Microsoft Edge will start at the beginning and highlight each word as it goes along. You can control the reading speed and choose your favorite ... Compatible with Windows 11 PC. Adobe Acrobat Reader Cons: Not ideal for basic users who just need a PDF Voice Reader. It is a bit complex for newbies who just want to use the software for just a single purpose. Get Adobe Acrobat Reader. 3. Foxit Reader.Yes, you can easily summarize PDF files using ChatGPT-4.0's Data Analysis feature by simply uploading them. Please note, though, that inaccessible, image-based, or paywalled PDFs might not be eligible for summarization. If you're using ChatGPT 3.5, it doesn't support direct PDF uploads, but you can still summarize PDFs by copying and pasting ... Clicking the Listen icon opens ReadSpeaker docReader in a new window or tab with your document ready to be listened to. Or you may embed docReader inside your webpage as shown below. A toolbar at the top of the page enables the user to browse, read, and listen to the document. When your user clicks the Listen button in the toolbar, the full ... Here’s a compilation of the best 9 PDF readers to help you navigate pdf documents like a pro. Speechify PDF Reader. Cost: Free to try. Speechify’s PDF reader brings the transformative power of text-to-speech technology directly to the realm of PDF documents. This tool allows users to listen to their PDFs rather than read them, …PDF Aloud Reader: Listen to Your PDF Files Aloud. PDF Aloud Reader is a free Android application developed by updo that allows you to listen to your PDF files aloud. With this app, you can easily browse and select PDF files, search for files by name, and have them read out loud to you. One of the standout features of PDF Aloud Reader is …Other PDF Reader With Voice for iPhone 1. NaturalReader. NaturalReader is an iOS app that can read your text, PDFs, eBooks, and other documents aloud, allowing you to listen to them instead of reading. The app provides a wide array of voices to choose from with adjustable reading speed.Open your pdf in Chrome Or Use online pdf viewer like sodapdf.com to read the pdf document online on Chrome. Now I can select the text I want to read out loud in the pdf. OnRight Clicking I get the option of read-aloud the selected text as I have installed the extension in chrome. Worked well for me.Read aloud for PDFs is now available for everyone on the latest Canary and Dev builds and will be coming to Beta in early June. Try it out. To access Read aloud, open any PDF file in Microsoft Edge from your computer or from the web. In the toolbar along the top, you will see “Read aloud” as an option. ... Immersive Reader, or a PDF and let ...Arabic voice over online. Narakeet makes it easy to create videos and audio files with life-like audio from text. Get started with Arabic text to speech free. Select from one of our text-to-speech Arabic male and female voices below, and enter some text to create the audio. تقع القاهرة على جوانب جزر نهر النيل في ...Audify. To wrap up, there’s an app that you can use to voice PDF files, web pages, and all that. You can use it for notes, articles, novels, and even full-on ebooks. It also works as a good-old reader that comes with several modes like …PDF Reader: Edit & Merge PDF. Cost: Free with in-app purchases. Description: This app offers a feature-rich PDF reading and editing experience. It also allows users to merge multiple PDFs into one document. Top 5 Features: Edit text, images, and links in PDFs. Merge and combine PDF files. Fill and sign PDF forms.Answer: To audio read a PDF on your iPhone, you can use the built-in accessibility feature called VoiceOver. VoiceOver allows your iPhone to read aloud the content of your PDF and provide spoken feedback for various actions. Follow these steps to enable VoiceOver and audio read a PDF on your iPhone: 1. Open the Settings app on …Hi E-AT, I'm Rodrigo and I will help you. You can select the text part to be read aloud, select the text you want, right-click and select "Read aloud section". If the Read aloud option is already running, select the text, right-click and select "Continue to read aloud from here". If I helped you anyway, It makes me happy.The app can read aloud any pdf document that you have. This app converts text to a natural sounding voice. The highest quality text to speech App available for the iPhone, iPod Touch, and now iPad! Use iTunes to share files between your computer and the app. VOICES SUPPORT. 4. eReader Prestigio: Book Reader. An alternative that’s available only on Android devices, eReader Prestigio: Book Reader is one of the best PDF audio readers you can find on your smartphone. The app is compatible with a huge myriad of text file extensions other than PDF itself. It is able to read and narrate files in over 20 different ... There's a premium version, of course... multiple premium versions actually, but you can use free voices. It's the best free "read aloud"like service I've found... comes with an extension, and an app for phone users. You can use it to read pdf books on your phone, and it's aaaalmost as good as an actual audiobook. Requires a google account.Jan 12, 2024 · Read aloud. Read aloud for PDF adds the convenience of listening to PDF content while carrying out other tasks that may be important to users. It also helps auditory learners focus on the content, which makes learning much easier. The next screenshot shows a Read aloud example. The highlighting shows the text that is currently being read ... Start reading aloud. CTRL + Space. Play or pause Read aloud. CTRL + Left Arrow. Jump to the beginning of the previous paragraph. CTRL + Right Arrow. Proceed to the beginning of the next paragraph. Alt + Left Arrow. Decrease reading speed.Instantly reads out loud text & PDF with natural sounding voices. Online - works out of the box. Drop the text and click play. Drag text or pdf files to the text-box, or directly …Mac and Windows users may use the software to read PDFs aloud according to the below guide. Step 1: Drag and drop a PDF document into the program; Step 2: Click the View menu on the top, choose Read Out Loud and select Activate Read Out Loud. Then the free PDF voice reader gets to work.Follow the steps below to read aloud PDF on your Android devices with the T2S application. 1. Tap "Open File" to open PDF. To begin with this application, you need to tap the “3-bars” button from the top left. It will open the T2S menu, where you can click the " Open File ” button if you are opening a file for the first time.1 Upload your PDF document to our text to voice converter. 2 Select the language of your document from 90 languages and dialects, and choose one of our 700 text to speech voices. 3 Click "Create Audio" and let …Aug 1, 2022 · Under ‘Choose a voice’, select a preferred voice. Adjust the slider under ‘Change the speed of the voice’ to your liking. Use TTS: When you want to use TTS, highlight the text you want to be read aloud. Press the ‘Ctrl + Win + Enter’ keys together to activate the Narrator, which will start reading the text. Have your books, PDFs and more read aloud to you by 140+ AI-powered voices in over 25 different languages/dialects! NaturalReader is a mobile app that can read aloud a …Give your business the power of PDF productivity. Let all your employees view, sign, comment on, and share PDFs for free. can be quickly deployed in your organization with a volume license. Download free Adobe Acrobat Reader software for your Windows, Mac OS and Android devices to view, print, and comment on PDF documents.Preferably one that has a pleasant sounding voice synthesizer. PDF reader that can read out loud. In summary, a combination of Okular and two other packages makes this possible. You could convert the PDF to plain text, then pipe that text …To have PDF files read aloud using Adobe Reader, here’s what you need to do: Open the PDF document you wish to read in Adobe Reader. From the bar at the top …Give your business the power of PDF productivity. Let all your employees view, sign, comment on, and share PDFs for free. can be quickly deployed in your organization with a volume license. Download free Adobe Acrobat Reader software for your Windows, Mac OS and Android devices to view, print, and comment on PDF documents.May 26, 2020 · To access Read aloud, open any PDF file in Microsoft Edge from your computer or from the web. In the toolbar along the top, you will see “Read aloud” as an option. Click/tap on this button to start. Microsoft Edge will start at the beginning and highlight each word as it goes along. You can control the reading speed and choose your favorite ... Features. Read and Listen Anywhere. ReadLoudly.com offers a convenient platform for uploading various text files and converting them into flipbooks. Additionally, …Open the PDF in Microsoft Edge. Select Save in the toolbar at the top of the screen. Choose where you want to save the PDF and give it a name. Select Save and your PDF will be saved to the location you selected. Save time by using the built-in Microsoft Edge PDF reader. Using the Microsoft Edge PDF reader is a simple and easy way to …In this article, we shall look at 10 important PDF viewers/readers that can help you when dealing with PDF files in Linux systems. 1. Okular. Okular is a universal document viewer which is also a free software developed by KDE that runs on Linux, Windows, Mac OSX, and many other Unix-like systems. It supports various document …Have your books, PDFs, documents, and more read aloud to you by 140+ AI-powered voices in over 25 different languages/dialects! NaturalReader is a mobile app that can read aloud a... If you want the software to read form fields aloud, simply do this: Go to File > Preferences > Speech and check the Read form fields option. In the PDF form, press Tab to select the first form field that you want to read out loud, and then press it again to move to the next form field. Foxit PDF Reader will read the form field aloud and will ... Hi E-AT, I'm Rodrigo and I will help you. You can select the text part to be read aloud, select the text you want, right-click and select "Read aloud section". If the Read aloud option is already running, select the text, right-click and select "Continue to read aloud from here". If I helped you anyway, It makes me happy.Read Aloud Browser Extensions. Read aloud the content of any web page with one click. Chrome Firefox Edge Embed A TTS Widget Into Your Website sitenarrator.com Voice Narration Tool. Convert text to speech and create voice narrations. ttstool.com Support. To send a support request, please use the contact form.Highlights of PDF Voice Reader Aloud. Easy to Access; Free Application; Import files directly from Google Drive, iCloud, and Dropbox; Provides 40 Natural Voices in 30 languages; Pricing – Free. How to Read PDFs out loud offline using PDF Voice Reader Aloud. Go to the App store on your Mac and search for “PDF Voice Reader Aloud“. …Yes, you can easily summarize PDF files using ChatGPT-4.0's Data Analysis feature by simply uploading them. Please note, though, that inaccessible, image-based, or paywalled PDFs might not be eligible for summarization. If you're using ChatGPT 3.5, it doesn't support direct PDF uploads, but you can still summarize PDFs by copying and pasting ...May 26, 2020 · To access Read aloud, open any PDF file in Microsoft Edge from your computer or from the web. In the toolbar along the top, you will see “Read aloud” as an option. Click/tap on this button to start. Microsoft Edge will start at the beginning and highlight each word as it goes along. You can control the reading speed and choose your favorite ... Preview audio. Preview the audio, change voice tones and pronunciations before converting your text to speech. Click "Convert to Speech" and download your audio file. Our online AI voice generator will convert your text into high quality Indian Marathi speech in just a few seconds. Now you can download your audio file in MP3 or WAV formats. Immersive Reader is available in many of the Microsoft products you already use. To find out which capabilities are available to use in a product, select your product from the drop-down list. Note: Some Immersive Reader capabilities are not supported in all languages. Use the table to identify which capabilities are available in your language. From the View menu. In the latest version of Adobe Acrobat Reader click on Menu, then View. Choose Read Out Loud then: Choose Read This Page Only (or press Shift+Ctrl+V). Or choose Read To End Of Document (or press Shift+Ctrl+B). If you hear the message "Warning - Empty page", please make sure the Reflow setting is switched off, as above.PTE Read Aloud Practice Test 4. PTE Read Aloud Sample. 13. Read the text aloud as naturally and clearly as possible. In the distribution of wealth, America is more unequal than most European countries. The richest tenth of the population earns nearly six times more than the poorest tenth. In Germany and France, the ratio is just over three to …Read aloud for PDFs is now available for everyone on the latest Canary and Dev builds and will be coming to Beta in early June. Try it out. To access Read aloud, open any PDF file in Microsoft Edge from your computer or from the web. In the toolbar along the top, you will see “Read aloud” as an option. ... Immersive Reader, or a PDF and let ...Option 1: Use a PDF text to speech app. One of the easiest ways to get your Android device to read PDFs aloud is to use a dedicated PDF text-to-speech app, such as Speechify, @Voice Aloud Reader, NaturalReader, or Voice Dream Reader. These apps can convert the text in your PDFs to speech, and allow you to adjust the reading speed, … Arabic Text to speech, also known as TTS, read aloud, or even speech synthesis. It simply means using artificial intelligence to read words aloud be; it from a PDF, email, docs, or any website. There isn’t a voice artist recording phrases or words, or even the entire article. Step 1: Choose the Right Software. First things first, to read aloud your PDF, you’ll need some text-to-speech ( TTS) software. Adobe Acrobat Reader is a popular …Cost: $14.99. Voice Dream Reader is a premium text to speech app available on iOS and Android. It can read PDF documents, word files, and web pages aloud with high-quality voices. The app also includes features like bookmarks, highlighting, and note-taking. Top 5 Features: Reads PDF files, word documents, and web pages …
To use the Read Aloud feature, perform the following steps: 1. Open the Writer document to which you want to listen. In reading mode, tap Tools in the lower-left corner. 2. In the expanded toolbar, tap View, and then tap Read Aloud. 3. The system starts to read the document. You can tap the Play icon to pause the reading, or tap the Settings .... Angpao chinese new year
Below is a screenshot: If that doesn't work, try disabling protected Mode by going into Edit menu > preferences > under categories, click security (enhanced) > uncheck the box next to "Enable Protected Mode at startup" …3.Adobe Acrobat Reader. Adobe Reader may be the go-to for many people when it comes to PDF files, and their free Acrobat Adobe Reader app will read out loud to you with customizable options regarding speed, preferred reader voice, pause features, and text highlighting.May 26, 2020 · To access Read aloud, open any PDF file in Microsoft Edge from your computer or from the web. In the toolbar along the top, you will see “Read aloud” as an option. Click/tap on this button to start. Microsoft Edge will start at the beginning and highlight each word as it goes along. You can control the reading speed and choose your favorite ... Jun 7, 2015 · 12. Okular. Install Okular. Okular is a universal document viewer with support for advanced document features, such as annotations, forms, and embedded files. This package provides the document viewer application, plus plugins for a wide variety of document formats such as: various electronic book formats: ComicBook, FictionBook, and Plucker ... I downloaded this extension that also lets you upload a pdf Read Aloud: A Text to Speech Voice Reader - Microsoft Edge Addons. From the upload you can either use the extension or use the built-in edge read aloud feature because after uploading the file the pdf is in a website format and not a file format. SB.Clicking the Listen icon opens ReadSpeaker docReader in a new window or tab with your document ready to be listened to. Or you may embed docReader inside your webpage as shown below. A toolbar at the top of the page enables the user to browse, read, and listen to the document. When your user clicks the Listen button in the toolbar, the full ...May 26, 2020 · Read aloud is currently available in Immersive Reader and for webpages—today, we are excited to announce that we are extending support to PDF files. Read aloud for PDFs is now available for everyone on the latest Canary and Dev builds and will be coming to Beta in early June. Whether it's a business report, research paper, or your favorite e-book, our AI can read it seamlessly. PDF Voice. Login. Give Your PDF a Voice. Whether it's a business report, research paper, or your favorite e-book, use AI to narrate it. ... Get Started with PDF Voice today and start creating your own AI voice. Monthly billing Yearly billing ...Read aloud text Acrobat supports Read aloud feature that allows you to listen to a document in the language of your choice. If your device is in speaker mode, connected to smart home device, or connected to earphones, the app prompts you to select the Read aloud option. To access the Read aloud feature: Open a file and tap . From …Jan 23, 2024 · paymentPayments & subscriptions. reviewsMy Play activity. redeemOffers. PDF Aloud Reader allows you to listen to your pdf files aloud. Step 1: In Microsoft Edge, navigate to the webpage you want to have read aloud and click the Read Aloud icon at the top. Step 2: Click on Voice options in the top right corner. Step 3: Use the ...4. eReader Prestigio: Book Reader. An alternative that’s available only on Android devices, eReader Prestigio: Book Reader is one of the best PDF audio readers you can find on your smartphone. The app is compatible with a huge myriad of text file extensions other than PDF itself. It is able to read and narrate files in over 20 different ...Best PDF Readers for Microsoft Edge. Speechify PDF Reader. Cost: Free to try. Speechify’s PDF reader brings the transformative power of text-to-speech technology directly to the realm of PDF documents. This tool allows users to listen to their PDFs rather than read them, ensuring that dense, text-heavy documents are more accessible and ....