7 Dec 2021 ... ... Andrew Y Ng , Pranav Rajpurkar. Affiliations. 1 Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. 2 School of ...Nigeria's .ng domains cost more than double what it takes to register a .com, .org or .net domain. On the internet, Nigerians are opting for more global identities through web addr...Andrew Keong Ng. Singapore Institute of Technology. No ... S Zhai, W Jiang, L Wei, HE Karahan, Y Yuan, AK Ng, Y Chen. Materials Horizons ...Many accounts of Andrew Carnegie state that he exploited his workers, subjecting them to long hours, a dangerous workplace, and low pay. Andrew Carnegie made his fortune through th...| Y. Ng. Associate Professor Stanford University Computer Science Department Room 156, Gates Building 1A Stanford, CA 94305-9010 Phone: (650)725-2593 Email: [email protected] …Andrew Ng - Publications. Publications. Convolutional-Recursive Deep Learning for 3D Object Classification . Richard Socher, Brody Huval, Bharath Bhat, Christopher D. Manning and Andrew Y. Ng In NIPS 2012. Semantic Compositionality through Recursive Matrix-Vector Spaces . Richard Socher, Brody Huval, Christopher D. Manning and Andrew Y. Ng In ...In tasks involving the interpretation of medical images, suitably trained machine-learning models often exceed the performance of medical experts. Yet such a high-level of performance typically requires that the models be trained with relevant datasets …| Y. Ng. Associate Professor Stanford University Computer Science Department Room 156, Gates Building 1A Stanford, CA 94305-9010 Phone: (650)725-2593 Email: [email protected] …Algorithms for In v erse Reinforcemen t Learning Andrew Y. Ng [email protected] Stuart Russell r [email protected] CS Division, U.C. Berk eley , CA 94720 USA Abstract This pap er addresses the problem of inverse r einfor c ement le arning (IRL) in Mark o v de- cision pro cesses, that is, the problem of ex- tracting a rew ard function giv ...Papers by Andrew Y. Ng with links to code and results. RadGraph: Extracting Clinical Entities and Relations from Radiology Reports 1 code implementation • 28 Jun 2021 • Saahil Jain, Ashwin Agrawal, Adriel Saporta, Steven QH Truong, Du Nguyen Duong, Tan Bui, Pierre Chambon, Yuhao Zhang, Matthew P. Lungren, Andrew Y. Ng, Curtis P. Langlotz, …Feb 22, 2024 · The estimated Net Worth of Andrew Y. Ng is at least $131 Million dollars as of 20 February 2024. Dr Ng owns over 75,000 units of Coursera stock worth over $106,246,110 and over the last 2 years he sold COUR stock worth over $24,835,204. Andrew Ng is Founder of DeepLearning.AI, General Partner at AI Fund, Chairman and Co-Founder of Coursera, and an Adjunct Professor at Stanford University. As a pioneer both in machine learning and online education, Dr. …Mar 4, 2024 · Andrew Y. Ng's most active month to dispose stocks was the month of March. 2022 saw Andrew Y. Ng paying a total of $369,600.00 for 228,655 shares, this is the most they've acquired in one year. 24 Nov 2015 ... ... y pairs) Why is Deep Learning taking off? 10. Andrew NgAndrew Ng It's all about scale. almost; 11. Andrew NgAndrew Ng Rocket engines: Deep ...Andrew C.Y. Ng and Hailiang Yang (2006), “On the Joint Distribution of Surplus before and after Ruin under a Markovian Regime Switching Model,” Stochastic Processes and Their Applications, 116, 244-266.The Machine Learning Specialization is a foundational online program created in collaboration between Stanford Online and DeepLearning.AI. This beginner-friendly program will teach you the fundamentals of machine learning and how to use these techniques to build real-world AI applications. This 3-course Specialization is an updated and expanded ...Unsupervised feature learning for audio classification using convolutional deep belief networks Honglak Lee Yan Largman Peter Pham Andrew Y. Ng Computer Science Department Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305 Abstract In recent years, deep learningRichard Socher, Andrej Karpathy, Quoc V. Le, Christopher D. Manning, and Andrew Y. Ng. 2014. Grounded Compositional Semantics for Finding and Describing Images with Sentences. Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2:207–218.Andrew Ng. Publications. Searched The ACM Guide to Computing Literature (3,647,842 records) | Limit your search to The ACM Full-Text Collection (727,666 records) Results. Showing 1 - 20 …Learning to Open New Doors Ellen Klingbeil, Ashutosh Saxena, Andrew Y. Ng Abstract—We consider the problem of enabling a robot to autonomously open doors, including novel ones that the robot has not previously seen. Given the large variation in theGenerative classifiers learn a model of the joint probability, p( x, y), of the inputs x and the label y, and make their predictions by using Bayes rules to calculate p(ylx), and then picking the most likely label y. Discriminative classifiers model the pos terior p(ylx) directly, or learn a direct map from inputs x to the class labels.Y Cao, A Khan, H Mirzaei, SR Khandoozi, M Javan, AN Kay Lup, ... Journal of Molecular Liquids 334, 116516, 2021. 45, 2021. Optimization of palm shell pyrolysis ...The Machine Learning Specialization is a foundational online program created in collaboration between Stanford Online and DeepLearning.AI. This beginner-friendly program will teach you the fundamentals of machine learning and how to use these techniques to build real-world AI applications. This 3-course Specialization is an updated and expanded ...2 Aug 2017 ... Contents: The problem of overfitting, Cost Function, Regularized Linear Regression, Regularized Logistic Regression, Regularization,Andrew Ng is part of Stanford Profiles, official site for faculty, postdocs, students and staff information (Expertise, Bio, Research, Publications, and more). The site facilitates research and collaboration in academic endeavors. Daphne Koller and Andrew Y. Ng. In Journal of Machine Learning Research, 7:1743-1788, 2006. [9] Autonomous helicopter tracking and localization using a self-calibrating cam-era array, Masa Matsuoka, Surya Singh, Alan Chen, Adam Coates, Andrew Y. Ng and Sebastian Thrun. In International Journal of Robotics Research (IJRR), 2006. A simple spectral clustering algorithm that can be implemented using a few lines of Matlab is presented, and tools from matrix perturbation theory are used to analyze the algorithm, and give conditions under which it can be expected to do well. Despite many empirical successes of spectral clustering methods— algorithms that cluster points using eigenvectors of matrices …Andrew Yan-Tak Ng (1976, en chino: 吳恩達) es un profesor asociado en el departamento de Ciencias de la Computación y del departamento de Ingeniería ...Sarkis LM, Jones AC, Ng A, et al. (2023) Australasian Sleep Association position statement on consensus and evidence based treatment for primary snoring. Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) Reeves RA, Miller CJ, Wang D, et al. ( 2022 ) Use of High-Resolution Ultrasound to Guide Alcohol Neurolysis for Chronic Pain.31 Mar 2017 ... Classification and Representation Machine Learning - Stanford University | Coursera by Andrew Ng Please visit Coursera site: ...Papers by Andrew Y. Ng with links to code and results. RadGraph: Extracting Clinical Entities and Relations from Radiology Reports 1 code implementation • 28 Jun 2021 • Saahil Jain, Ashwin Agrawal, Adriel Saporta, Steven QH Truong, Du Nguyen Duong, Tan Bui, Pierre Chambon, Yuhao Zhang, Matthew P. Lungren, Andrew Y. Ng, Curtis P. Langlotz, …Andrew Ng archive page September 12, 2023 Nico Ortega This essay is part of MIT Technology Review’s 2023 Innovators Under 35 package. Meet this year’s honorees. Innovation is a powerful engine ... This short course taught by Isa Fulford (OpenAI) and Andrew Ng (DeepLearning.AI) will describe how LLMs work, provide best practices for prompt engineering, and show how LLM APIs can be used in applications for a variety of tasks, including: Summarizing (e.g., summarizing user reviews for brevity) 22 May 2017 ... Andrew Ng is one of Stanford's most famed and recognized computer science professor. He is immensely experienced in machine learning and deep ...Sep 7, 2023 · September 7, 2023 7:00 AM EDT. Back in 2010, Andrew Ng, then a professor at Stanford University, sent a proposal to Google’s leadership. He argued that Google should train neural networks, a ... 5 days ago · Rion Snow | Daniel Jurafsky | Andrew Y. Ng. Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics. pdf bib. Solving the Problem of Cascading Errors: Approximate B ayesian Inference for Linguistic Annotation Pipelines. Dr has made over 27 trades of the Coursera stock since 2021, according to the Form 4 filled with the SEC. Most recently he sold 75000 units of COUR stock ...3, Andrew Y. Ng1‡, Matthew P. Lungren3‡ 1 Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America, 2 Quantitative Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of 313 Nov 2017 ... Share your videos with friends, family, and the world.Andrew C.Y. Ng and Hailiang Yang (2006), “On the Joint Distribution of Surplus before and after Ruin under a Markovian Regime Switching Model,” Stochastic Processes and Their Applications, 116, 244-266.March 22, 2017. Andrew Ng, a leading figure in the world of artificial intelligence, is leaving his post as chief scientist at China’s Baidu and says he wants to find ways of advancing AI beyond ...8 Nov 2021 ... Artificial intelligence pioneer Andrew Ng, the founder of the Google Brain research lab and the former chief scientist of Baidu, has raised $57 ...Feb 22, 2024 · The estimated Net Worth of Andrew Y. Ng is at least $132 Million dollars as of 20 February 2024. Dr Ng owns over 75,000 units of Coursera stock worth over $107,450,233 and over the last 2 years he sold COUR stock worth over $24,835,204. Andrew Ng. Stanford University. Verified email at cs.stanford.edu - Homepage. Machine Learning Deep Learning AI. Articles Cited by Public access. Title. ... Y Netzer, T Wang, A Coates, A …Jan 9, 2019 · Awni Y Hannun # 1 , Pranav Rajpurkar # 2 , Masoumeh Haghpanahi # 3 , Geoffrey H Tison # 4 , Codie Bourn 3 , Mintu P Turakhia 5 6 , Andrew Y Ng 2 Affiliations 1 Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. [email protected]. Mr Andrew Wai Yan NG Solicitor & Notary Public Contact Info Tel: (852) 2123 1068 Fax: (852) 2123 1990 Email: [email protected] Address 10A, 10/F, 128 WELLINGTON STREET, CENTRAL, HONG KONG - CENTRAL MTR Station Exit D2 ...Andrew Ng. Publications. Searched The ACM Guide to Computing Literature (3,647,842 records) | Limit your search to The ACM Full-Text Collection (727,666 records) Results. Showing 1 - 20 …socher-etal-2012-semantic. Cite (ACL): Richard Socher, Brody Huval, Christopher D. Manning, and Andrew Y. Ng. 2012. Semantic Compositionality through Recursive Matrix-Vector Spaces. In Proceedings of the 2012 Joint Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning, pages 1201–1211, Jeju ...Y Cao, A Khan, H Mirzaei, SR Khandoozi, M Javan, AN Kay Lup, ... Journal of Molecular Liquids 334, 116516, 2021. 45, 2021. Optimization of palm shell pyrolysis ...Andrew Ng is part of Stanford Profiles, official site for faculty, postdocs, students and staff information (Expertise, Bio, Research, Publications, and more). The site facilitates research and collaboration in academic endeavors.Mr Andrew Wai Yan NG Solicitor & Notary Public Contact Info Tel: (852) 2123 1068 Fax: (852) 2123 1990 Email: [email protected] Address 10A, 10/F, 128 WELLINGTON STREET, CENTRAL, HONG KONG - CENTRAL MTR …吴恩达（1976-，英文名：Andrew Ng），华裔美国人，斯坦福大学计算机科学系和电子工程系副教授，人工智能实验室主任。吴恩达是人工智能和机器学习领域国际上最权威的学者之一。吴恩达也是在线教育平台Coursera的联合创始人（with Daphne Koller），DeepLearning.AI创始人。2014年5月16日，吴恩达加入百度 ...Andrew Y. Ng 1, Stuart Russell • Institutions (1) University of León 1 29 Jun 2000-Vol. 67, Iss: 2, pp 663-670 TL;DR: Pharmacokinetics of ivermectin after IV administration were best described by a 2-compartment open model; values for main compartmental ...Dr. Andrew Ng is an Associate Professor with ... Andrew NG. Associate Professor. Programme Leader, SIT ... Zhai S, Jiang W, Wei L, Karahan H, Yuan Y, Ng AK, Chen Y.Rajat Raina: Research Page. I am a Research Scientist at Facebook . I spend most of my time making advertising more relevant to users. At Stanford, I worked with Prof Andrew Y. Ng in the Stanford AI Lab . I am interested in studying machine learning and its applications, especially to large-scale problems or high-dimensional data.Andrew L. Maas, Raymond E. Daly, Peter T. Pham, Dan Huang, Andrew Y. Ng, and Christopher Potts Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305 [amaas, rdaly, ptpham, yuze, ang, …What you’ll learn in this course. In ChatGPT Prompt Engineering for Developers, you will learn how to use a large language model (LLM) to quickly build new and powerful applications. Using the OpenAI API, you’ll be able to quickly build capabilities that learn to innovate and create value in ways that were cost-prohibitive, highly technical ...CS229 Winter 2003 2 To establish notation for future use, we’ll use x(i) to denote the “input” variables (living area in this example), also called input features, and y(i) to denote the “output” or target variable that we are trying to predict (price). A pair (x(i),y(i)) is called a training example, and the dataset ...Andrew Ng [email protected] Download PDF Abstract Linear text classification algorithms work by computing an inner product between a test document vector and a parameter vector. In many such algorithms, including naive Bayes and most TFIDF variants ...This work presents a series of tasks for multimodal learning and shows how to train deep networks that learn features to address these tasks, and demonstrates cross modality feature learning, where better features for one modality can be learned if multiple modalities are present at feature learning time. Deep networks have been successfully applied to …What you’ll learn in this course. In ChatGPT Prompt Engineering for Developers, you will learn how to use a large language model (LLM) to quickly build new and powerful applications. Using the OpenAI API, you’ll be able to quickly build capabilities that learn to innovate and create value in ways that were cost-prohibitive, highly technical ...Jan 12, 2020 · Andrew Y. Ng. Andrew Yan-Tak Ng is a Chinese English computer scientist, manager, investor and businessman. Ng co-founded and led Google Brain and was a former VP & Chief Scientist in Baidu, building a group of several thousand people to form an artificial intelligence company. He is a deputy professor at the University of Stanford. Ng is also ... Andrew Y. Ng [email protected] Computer Science Department Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305, USA Michael I. Jordan [email protected] Computer Science Division and Department of Statistics University of California Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Editor: John Lafferty Abstract Andrew Y. Ng Publisher University of California, Berkeley, 2003 Original from the University of California Digitized Jan 27, 2016 Length 310 pages Export Citation BiBTeX EndNote RefMan About Google Books ...Andrew Ng stands as a towering figure within the realm of artificial intelligence (AI), leaving an indelible mark on the field through his pioneering work in deep learning and unwavering commitment to democratising AI education. From his early contributions to the development of deep learning algorithms to his founding of online …There are 4 modules in this course. In the fourth course of the Deep Learning Specialization, you will understand how computer vision has evolved and become familiar with its exciting applications such as autonomous driving, face recognition, reading radiology images, and more. By the end, you will be able to build a convolutional neural ...Andrew Y. Ng [email protected]. Computer Science Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Abstract. We consider supervised learning in the ...While different in detail, Kannan et al. [4] give an analysis of spectral clustering that also makes use of matrix perturbation theory, for the case of an affinity matrix with row sums equal to one. They also present a clustering algorithm based on. k singular vectors, one that differs from ours in that it identifies clusters with individual ...Some well-known "bugs" in reward shaping procedures are shown to arise from non-potential-based rewards, and methods are given for constructing shaping potentials corresponding to distance-based and subgoal-based heuristics that can lead to substantial reductions in learning time. This paper investigates conditions under which modi(cid:12)cations …Mr Andrew Wai Yan NG Solicitor & Notary Public Contact Info Tel: (852) 2123 1068 Fax: (852) 2123 1990 Email: [email protected] Address 10A, 10/F, 128 WELLINGTON STREET, CENTRAL, HONG KONG - CENTRAL MTR Station Exit D2 ...Andrew Ng. Publications. Searched The ACM Guide to Computing Literature (3,647,842 records) | Limit your search to The ACM Full-Text Collection (727,666 records) Results. Showing 1 - 20 …Andrew Y. Ng For many pattern recognition tasks, the ideal input feature would be invariant to multiple confounding properties (such as illumination and viewing angle, in com- puter vision ...Andrew Y. Ng Computer Science Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA Computer Science Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA View Profile Authors Info & Claims NIPS'13: Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Neural Information ...Learning to Open New Doors Ellen Klingbeil, Ashutosh Saxena, Andrew Y. Ng Abstract—We consider the problem of enabling a robot to autonomously open doors, including novel ones that the robot has not previously seen. Given the large variation in theCoursera, Inc. (NYSE:COUR) Director Andrew Y. Ng has recently made significant changes to his holdings in the company, according to a new SEC filing. On March 19 and 20, Ng sold a total of 75,000 ...Andrew Y. Ng.        . Assistant Professor Computer Science Department Department of Electrical Engineering (by courtesy) Stanford University Room 156, Gates Building 1A Stanford, CA 94305-9010 Tel: (650)725-2593 FAX: (650)725-1449 email: [email protected]. Research interests: Machine learning, broad competence …吴恩达 (Andrew Ng)，斯坦福计算机系的副教授，师从机器学习的大师级人物 Michael I. Jordan。. 同门师兄弟包括Zoubin Ghahramani, Tommi Jaakkola, Eric Xing. , David Blei. , 徒子徒孙遍布美国名校，他们这一大学派的主要研究和贡献集中在 统计机器学习（Statistical Machine Learning）和 ...Andrew Ng - Publications. Publications. Convolutional-Recursive Deep Learning for 3D Object Classification . Richard Socher, Brody Huval, Bharath Bhat, Christopher D. Manning and Andrew Y. Ng In NIPS 2012. Semantic Compositionality through Recursive Matrix-Vector Spaces . Richard Socher, Brody Huval, Christopher D. Manning and Andrew Y. Ng In ...Andrew Y Ng Daishi Harada Stuart Russell Computer Science Division Univ ersit y of California Berk eley Berk eley CA f angdaishirus se ll g c s ber ke ley e du Abstract This pap er in v estigates conditions under whic h mo dications to the rew ard function of a o ...Jul 6, 2017 · Authors: Pranav Rajpurkar, Awni Y. Hannun, Masoumeh Haghpanahi, Codie Bourn, Andrew Y. Ng Download a PDF of the paper titled Cardiologist-Level Arrhythmia Detection with Convolutional Neural Networks, by Pranav Rajpurkar and 3 other authors Andrew Ng. Stanford University. Verified email at cs.stanford.edu - Homepage. Machine Learning Deep Learning AI. Articles Cited by Public access. Title. ... Y Netzer, T Wang, A Coates, A …Listen here, Hunty. RuPaul’s Drag Race is undeniably one of the highest rated reality TV shows in the world — for darn good reason. The tongue-in-cheek competition series has raise...Loulwah AlSumait, Daniel Barbara, James Gentle, and Carlotta Domeniconi. 2009. Topic significance ranking of LDA generative models. In ECML.Google Scholar Digital Library David Andrzejewski, Xiaojin Zhu, and Mark Craven. 2009. Incorporating domain ...We present a new machine learning framework called "self-taught learning" for using unlabeled data in supervised classification tasks. We do not assume that the unlabeled data follows the same class labels or generative distribution as the labeled data. Thus, we would like to use a large number of unlabeled images (or audio samples, or text ...Sep 7, 2023 · September 7, 2023 7:00 AM EDT. Back in 2010, Andrew Ng, then a professor at Stanford University, sent a proposal to Google’s leadership. He argued that Google should train neural networks, a ...
Algorithms for In v erse Reinforcemen t Learning Andrew Y. Ng [email protected] Stuart Russell r [email protected] CS Division, U.C. Berk eley , CA 94720 USA Abstract This pap er addresses the problem of inverse r einfor c ement le arning (IRL) in Mark o v de- cision pro cesses, that is, the problem of ex- tracting a rew ard function giv .... What is a cloud server
If all scientific publications that you have read were ranked according to their scientific quality and importance from 0% (worst) to 100% (best), where would you place this publication? Please rate by selecting a range.Oct 8, 2020 · 1 code implementation • 30 Jun 2014 • Andrew L. Maas, Peng Qi, Ziang Xie, Awni Y. Hannun, Christopher T. Lengerich, Daniel Jurafsky, Andrew Y. Ng We compare standard DNNs to convolutional networks, and present the first experiments using locally-connected, untied neural networks for acoustic modeling. Learning Feature Representations with K-means Adam Coates and Andrew Y. Ng Stanford University, Stanford CA 94306, USA facoates,[email protected] PRIKASETYA, Gratianus. Employment Layoff Policy During Covid-19 Pandemic (Legal Comparative Analysis Based on Indonesia and Singapore Law). Corporate and Trade …D. Blei, Andrew Y. Ng, Michael I. Jordan Published in Journal of machine learning … 3 January 2001 Computer Science, Mathematics We propose a generative model for text and other collections of discrete data that generalizes or improves on several previous ...Cardiologist-Level Arrhythmia Detection with Convolutional Neural Networks. We develop an algorithm which exceeds the performance of board certified cardiologists in detecting a wide range of heart arrhythmias from electrocardiograms recorded with a single-lead wearable monitor. We build a dataset with more than 500 times the number of unique ...Prof. Andrew Ng is an Associate Professor of Practice in Actuarial Science at The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK). He received his bachelor's and ...吴恩达（1976-，英文名：Andrew Ng），华裔美国人，斯坦福大学计算机科学系和电子工程系副教授，人工智能实验室主任。吴恩达是人工智能和机器学习领域国际上最权威的学者之一。吴恩达也是在线教育平台Coursera的联合创始人（with Daphne Koller），DeepLearning.AI创始人。2014年5月16日，吴恩达加入百度 ...Andrew Y. Ng Stanford University, Demis Hassabis DeepMind, John C. Platt Google AI, Felix Creutzig Mercator Research Institute on Global Commonsand Climate Change and Technische Universität Berlin, Jennifer Chayes University of California, Berkeley, ...Andrew Ng About Publications Projects Courses Data-centric AI Contact Home Publications Feature selection, L1 vs. L2 regularization, and rotational invariance Feature selection, L1 vs. L2 regularization, and rotational invariance Authored by Andrew Ng ang@cs ...Andrew Y. Ng [email protected] Computer Science Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA Abstract In the model-based policy search approach to reinforcement learning (RL), policies are found using a model (or “simulator”) of theWhat you’ll learn in this course. In ChatGPT Prompt Engineering for Developers, you will learn how to use a large language model (LLM) to quickly build new and powerful applications. Using the OpenAI API, you’ll be able to quickly build capabilities that learn to innovate and create value in ways that were cost-prohibitive, highly technical ...Andrew Y. Ng [email protected] ord.edu Computer Science Department, Stanford Universit y, Stanford, CA 94305, USA Abstract There has been much interest in unsuper-vised learning of hierarchical ... Origins of the Modern MOOC (xMOOC) Online education has been around for decades,with many universities offering online courses to a small, limited audience.What changed in 2011 was scale and availability, when Stanford University offered three courses free to the public, each garnering signups of about 100,000 learners or more.The launch of these three courses, taught by Andrew Ng, Peter ... Efficient sparse coding algorithms Honglak Lee Alexis Battle Rajat Raina Andrew Y. Ng Computer Science Department Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305 Abstract Sparse coding provides a class of algorithms for finding succinct representations of stimuli; givenAndrew Y. Ng's 400 research works with 155,234 citations and 39,132 reads, including: Evaluating progress in automatic chest X-ray radiology report generation Andrew Y. Ng's research while ...Unsupervised feature learning for audio classification using convolutional deep belief networks Honglak Lee Yan Largman Peter Pham Andrew Y. Ng Computer Science Department Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305 Abstract In recent years, deep learning.